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2008/7/6 Talking point不错的一篇文章，应该对大家有所帮助，特别是我们这些还在苦读的losers Nature Methods - 5, 371 - 372 (2008)
doi:10.1038/nmeth0508-371 "I know this is a busy slide, but..."
"You probably can't see this, but..." "I'm gonna go through these last slides really quickly..." As editors, we attend many conferences. Having already heard these staples too many times this year, we decided to put together our top 10 list of presentation rules. We may not address an audience often, but we have plenty of opportunity to build up our pet peeves about presentation skills. There is of course more elaborate advice available, and this short list may sound like common sense to many. Nevertheless, we hope it helps beginner speakers get off on the right foot for the summer meeting season. Perhaps even some seasoned speakers may appreciate the reminder. 1. Plan for the allotted time. There are few things more annoying than a speaker who rushes through slides without leaving any lasting impression about the substance of the work. The key to a good presentation is to present the minimum amount of information that is necessary to make your point. A maximum of one slide per minute is a good rule of thumb, but the exact number should be determined by rehearsing. 2. Know your audience. There is no such thing as a one-size-fits-all speech. Knowing the level of specialty and diversity of your audience will help determine how much background and detail you need to present. Do not expect everyone to be an expert in your particular body of work but avoid patronizing the audience. 3. Define your goals. As you must limit your material, it is important to deliberately decide which points you want the audience to remember. Once this is clear, build your talk around these points and make sure that each slide has a purpose toward your goals. 4. Structure your talk. Whatever the audience, it is worth setting the stage by stating the general importance of the work and your specific objectives. To place the work in perspective, mention related efforts and what is unique about your approach. Only then, delve into experiments and results. An outline slide at the beginning is seldom necessary for short talks but it can help if you will be discussing substantially distinct topics. In contrast, there is no way around the summary slide—the all-important 'take-home message'—which should capture the key points in a way that both experts and nonspecialists will remember. 5. Keep your slides simple (content). The slides should be a visual support for your talk rather than the talk itself; they should help convey the essence of your talk rather than the details. Prefer bullet points to paragraphs of text. Avoid complete sentences because the audience will not resist reading them, creating a distracting disparity with what you are actually saying. Such economy of text means you must choose the words judiciously, making sure you highlight key notions. Prefer schematics and cartoons to words but keep them simple, limiting them to the essential elements. Finally, prefer graphs to tables, and label them adequately. 6. Keep your slides simple (design). There is nothing wrong with a good old solid background and an appropriate color contrast. Use a legible typeface for all text (do not forget about cartoon labels and graph axes) and make it large enough to be legible once projected. If you have to resort to a font size below 20 points, you have too much information on your slide. Sans-serif fonts (in which letters do not have 'little tails') tend to work best. 7. Beware of animations and multimedia. There are cases in which a simple schematic animation will convey a concept better than a still cartoon. But think twice and use animations sparingly as they can be awfully distracting if overused. As for dynamic data representations, such as live microscopy movies or rotating three-dimensional protein structures, they can be invaluable to convey critical observations. Our advice, however, is to keep them to a minimum and make sure they run properly. If you are using someone else's computer, chances are the movie will not play. So do not plan your talk around it, or else, have a contingency plan such as a few slides with representative still frames. 8. Watch your delivery. Be attentive to the speed and volume of your speech. If you are a non-native English speaker, pay particular attention to the pronunciation of key terms and use words on the slide to convey key concepts. If you are a native English speaker, keep in mind that many in the audience are not. In addition, using transition words and phrases between slides will help make the talk flow smoothly. To use them effectively, you must know which slide is coming up next. 9. Choose your words. Avoid jargon and acronyms. Uncommon abbreviations cannot always be avoided on the slides, but it is important to spell them out as you speak. As much as possible, match key words in your speech to the written words on your slides to maximize the visual support they offer. Explain the graphs and schematics as soon as you bring up a slide. If people do not know what is plotted against what, or what the red arrow is supposed to represent, they will not follow your explanation of the results. 10. Rehearse! Most of the points above will become apparent if you give a practice talk. With or without a friendly audience, the key to rehearsal is to make it real. Problems with timing, abrupt transitions and confusing explanations will become obvious only if you try it 'out loud' and not in the comfortable environment of your own head. Some oral presentation instructors film their students giving mock talks in class—a potentially excruciating experience but one that is very informative about bad habits. For a real talk, practice runs will give you the opportunity to fix problems in the presentation design and to keep track of time effectively during the talk. Practicing is also the only proven way to reduce anxiety. This is our advice, for what it is worth. Perhaps there is one more pet peeve that sums up all the others: do not make excuses for things you could have addressed before your talk. If you have prepared well, you will do a great job. 2008/7/2 那些金童2000年的时候应该也有熬夜看比赛，已经记不清了，2004年时候正值暑假，紫荆6号楼104的杂乱的中厅，和特克希一起目睹杰拉德助攻亨利，英格兰在3分钟中被齐秃一人搞掂，天堂地狱；那英格兰和葡萄牙1/4决赛的跌宕起伏，那些美好的不眠夜，那些美好的恰恰瓜子。这次按说赶上了最好的时差，只是没赶上自己的步点，中国日本美国折腾，熬夜看了几场小组赛，再回过味来已经只剩下半决赛了。在实验室对着电脑，和不怎么懂球的老印一起大呼小叫，还错过了最精彩的德土的下半场，到了决赛干脆一个人窝在家里看电视剧，何其悲壮！
扯了一堆废话，突然想起来原来是在写足球。预选赛之王西班牙终于熬成了婆，结结实实的抱了个冠军杯子在怀里，44年，换个人都长到而立之年了，这次总算漂漂亮亮的干掉蔫不啦叽的德国，证明了一回技术流，拉丁流，苦媳妇流。不知道在家里看电视的金童劳尔此时作何感想，空抱一身点球绝技却连球毛都没摸到的金童皮耶罗作何感想，四处飘荡而且早早开始度假的金童欧文作何感想。长江后浪推前浪，前浪死在沙滩上，看着红扑扑的托雷斯一箭封喉，有着金童的年龄却有着金婚的长相的罗本也许在暗骂伤的不是时候，荷兰这个稍微年轻点的苦媳妇还在继续煎熬。不要在这个时候提中国男足这个倒胃口的东西。
当金童们都胡子拉碴，当在球场上驰骋的再也不是自己的同龄人，我们也许会开始怀念我们的那些金童们给自己带来的欢乐时光。 2008/7/1 东京，匆忙老也改不掉墨迹这个坏习惯，从日本回来一周多了，才应着头皮跟任务似的要写点东西。
托ww夫妇的福，在北京和福州养了2周膘之后，厚颜无耻的蹭到东京，蹭吃蹭住蹭导游，毫无前期工作，乡下人见见资本主义的糜烂，刘姥姥进一头扎进外国的大观园。
大刀向鬼子们的头上砍去，只怕到了东京，这刀就下不去了。同样是大都市，如此的整洁，如此的井井有条，无处不折射着日本人的一丝不苟，也让人不由自主的心情愉悦，这或许能解释顶级的光学器件只在日本和德国。不过矫枉过正，这个民族难免让人觉得有些极端，一丝不苟的日本人，穿行在东京的街头，丝毫无法觅得一个国际化都市的活力。无法想象的干净和整洁后浮现的是日本人的严谨，或许是古板。与之成鲜明对比的是，在街头要么是行色匆匆，身着剪裁合体西服的男人，要么是浓妆艳抹，头发染得五颜六色，衣服穿得鬼哭狼嚎的小混混，小太妹，要是我有这样的弟妹，一巴掌打死。就在我去的前几天，秋叶原还发生了持刀伤人事件，可见这个社会需要有一个更好的发泄渠道，而不是男人们每天下班后喝得烂醉后挤着罐头一样的电车回家，而家庭主妇们在家无所事事却又忙得四脚朝天，这个极端的，一根筋。
在东京的时间实在是短，前后不过四天，也许正符合了这个城市的特色。 |
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